Hadoop is an open-source framework designed for distributed storage and processing of large data sets using a cluster of commodity hardware. It provides a scalable and fault-tolerant platform to handle vast amounts of data by distributing the storage and processing tasks across multiple nodes in a cluster.
Components of Hadoop
Key components of the Hadoop ecosystem include:
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS): This is the primary storage system used by Hadoop. HDFS is designed to store large files across multiple machines in a fault-tolerant manner. It breaks down large files into smaller blocks (typically 128 MB or 256 MB in size) and distributes these blocks across the nodes in the Hadoop cluster.
MapReduce: MapReduce is a programming model and processing engine for distributed computing. It allows developers to write programs that process large amounts of data in parallel across a Hadoop cluster. The MapReduce process involves two main steps: the Map step, where data is processed and transformed into key-value pairs, and the Reduce step, where the processed data is aggregated and finalized.
YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator): YARN is the resource management layer of Hadoop. It manages and schedules resources in a Hadoop cluster, allowing multiple applications to share resources efficiently. YARN decouples the resource management and job scheduling functions from the MapReduce programming model, making Hadoop more versatile and capable of supporting various distributed computing paradigms.
Hadoop Common: Hadoop Common provides the shared utilities and libraries used by other Hadoop modules. It includes tools and APIs that are essential for the proper functioning of Hadoop.
Hadoop Ecosystem: In addition to the core components, there is a broad ecosystem of related projects and tools that work with Hadoop to enhance its capabilities. Some notable examples include Apache Hive (data warehouse infrastructure), Apache Pig (high-level platform for creating MapReduce programs), Apache HBase (distributed NoSQL database), Apache Spark (in-memory data processing), and many others.
Hadoop is particularly well-suited for processing and analyzing large datasets in a distributed and parallelized fashion. It has been widely adopted in industries dealing with big data, such as finance, healthcare, retail, and telecommunications, among others. While Hadoop has been a foundational technology in the big data landscape, newer technologies and frameworks have also emerged to address evolving requirements and challenges in the field.
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